The atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki remains one of the most pivotal events in modern history. On August 7, 1945, a day after Hiroshima was obliterated, Dr. Yoshio Nishina, a prominent Japanese physicist, along with other atomic scientists, visited the devastated city. Their investigations confirmed the city's destruction by an atomic bomb, a finding they reported back to the cabinet in Tokyo. Despite this confirmation, the Japanese cabinet opted to continue the war, a decision that American codebreakers, using the MAGIC system, intercepted.

President Truman, fresh from the Potsdam Conference, described Hiroshima as a "military base" and declared a continued assault until Japan's ability to wage war was annihilated. With Japan showing no signs of surrender, the decision was made to bomb another city.

On August 9, 1945, the B-29 Superfortress Bockscar, piloted by Major Charles Sweeney, embarked from Tinian Island carrying the "Fat Man" plutonium bomb. Intended targets were Kokura, for its military arsenal, and Nagasaki as a secondary target. However, mechanical issues with a fuel pump and poor visibility over Kokura due to smoke led to a change in plans. Nagasaki was bombed instead, sparing Kokura in what became known as "Kokura's luck."

The bomb was released over Nagasaki, detonating and unleashing massive destruction, illustrating the horrifying power of nuclear weapons. The attack on Nagasaki, coupled with Hiroshima and the Soviet declaration of war against Japan, led to Japan's eventual surrender, marking the end of World War II in the Pacific.

This event not only altered the course of the war but also showcased the devastating impact of atomic power, setting the stage for future nuclear non-proliferation efforts and debates over the ethics of nuclear warfare.

Sources:
U.S. Department of Energy: https://www.energy.gov/
https://catalog.archives.gov/
https://www.defense.gov/
Los Alamos National Laboratory: https://www.lanl.gov/
https://www.youtube.com/@LosAlamosNationalLab
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Atomic_bombings_of_H

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The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki:

On August 6, 1945, the Enola Gay dropped the atomic bomb "Little Boy" on Hiroshima, causing massive devastation. Despite the destruction, Japan did not immediately surrender. On August 9, 1945, another atomic bomb "Fat Man" was dropped on Nagasaki, leading to Japan's eventual surrender and the end of World War II.

However, the events leading up to the dropping of these atomic bombs are more complex and rooted in a secret project initiated in 1942. At that time, Nazi Germany controlled much of Europe. Meanwhile across the Atlantic, 130,000 people, including scientists, engineers, and construction workers, were engaged in a secret project with a 2-billion-dollar budget. This project, known as the Manhattan Project, aimed to develop the first nuclear weapons.

Most workers were unaware of the project's ultimate goal due to high secrecy. From 1942 to 1946, the project was led by Major General Leslie Groves, while physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer directed the Los Alamos Laboratory, where the atomic bombs were designed.

Initially, they worked on a plutonium-based gun-type weapon, Thin Man. By April 1944, they realized it would not work due to spontaneous fission. They then focused on an implosion-type weapon, Fat Man, and a uranium-235 gun-type weapon, Little Boy.

On July 16, 1945, the first nuclear test, named Trinity, took place. The successful test influenced President Truman's decisions at the Potsdam Conference. Japan was given an ultimatum to surrender or face "Prompt and utter destruction".

Sources:
Los Alamos National Laboratory: https://www.lanl.gov/
https://www.youtube.com/@LosAlamosNationalLab
U.S. Department of Energy: https://www.energy.gov/
https://catalog.archives.gov/
https://www.defense.gov/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Atomic_bombings_of_H

Subscribe to Science Time: https://www.youtube.com/sciencetime24

#nukes #sciencetime #hiroshimaday

What happens when B-21 Raiders attack China
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